پادکست 18: 5 راه حل قطعی برای تقویت رایتینگ

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متن منتشرشده توسط پادکستر

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متن پادکست: Hello everyone and welcome to this episode of cyber podcast. Today we are going to deal with perhaps the least favorite skill of language; the writing skill. Let me first tell you what we are going to talk about today and then we will get down to it. First, you’re going to hear some of the most commonly asked questions about writing and Alireza is here with me to help me answer those questions and recommend practical advice. چه زبان آموز باشی چه فارغ التحصیل حتما برات پیش اومده که سر رایتینگ حوصله ت سر رفته باشه یا حتی گیر کرده باشی. خب، حق هم داری چون به عنوان یک فارسی زبان تاکید خیلی کمی روی نگارش در مدرسه و حتی دانشگاه وجود داشته و وقتی وارد یک زبان دیگه میشیم تازه متوجه میشم که نگارش هم جزی از زبانه و اونم جزو مهمش! من ادیت هستم و توی پادکست امروز میخوایم راهکارهای کاربردی رو برای تقویت و تسهیل رایتینگ با هم مرور کنیم. پس با من همراه باشین! [echoing questions – fading] Now, if you are a language learner, you must have had writing assignments and probably it may have felt like a burden. Most learners dislike writing and ask the following question: 1. Why do we have to write? Why should we know how to write? E: To answer this question, you should first remember that communication is one of the most essential skills we need, especially in today’s society. Writing is a means of communication and in fact the one utilized in some of the most critical situations of life. Like when writing academic articles, thesis, a contract, a resume, a survey, so on and so forth. Therefore, learning how to write is also an inseparable part of learning a language. به عنوان یکی از روشهای برقراری ارتباط نگارش یا رایتینگ جزو جدایی ناپذیر هر زبانیه، مخصوصا در دنیای امروز چرا که ازش در مهمترین فرآیندهای زندگیمون استفاده می کنیم مثل مقالات یا تز دانشگاهی، قراردادها، رزومه و خیلی کارهای دیگه. بنابراین، یادگیری رایتینگ هم به همین اندازه مهم و ضروری به نظر میرسه. 2. Why is it so hard to start writing? E: There are two questions to answer before you start writing. First, ‘What am I going to write about?”, which actually refers to your topic, and second, ‘How am I going to write it?”. Writing gets hard and overwhelming when you have no answer to these questions, or in other words, you have no plan. You cannot start writing whatever that comes to your mind without a specific purpose, order or sequence. All of us know how chaotic our minds could be, so, writing without a plan will also result in a confusing and chaotic piece which no one can make the head or tail of. What you write about is the message you want to get across, or let’s say the answer to the writing question. And how to write it is actually based on the plan you need to have and the specific structure you need to stick to A: Exactly! Forming an outline will help solidify structure. An outline can clarify what you’re hoping to convey in each section, enable you to visualize the flow of your piece, and the parts that require more research or thought. Before putting pen to paper, sketch out an outline of what you plan to write. This will be your battle plan, and it will help you win the war. A simple framework of which sections should appear in a particular order, along with a few sentences about what each section contains, may be enough. It’s important to note that your structure should look different depending on what you’re writing. An essay typically has an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. A fiction piece might follow the six-stage plot structure. A letter or e-mail will of course be different, depending on whether it’s formal or informal. So, before you write, consider what it is you’re going to write. برای پاسخ به این سوال اول باید به دوتا سوال جواب بدیم: "چی بنویسم؟" و "چطور بنویسم؟" رایتینگ زمانی سخت و چالش برانگیز میشه که جواب این دوتا سوال رو نداشته باشیم یا به عبارتی براش پلن نداشته باشیم. از اونجایی که ذهن ما میتونه آشفته و نامنظم باشه، اگه بدون پلن شروع به رایتینگ بکنیم، متنمون هم مثل ذهنمون آشفته و نامنظم میشه. داشتن یه طرح کلی یا outline میتونه بهمون یه ساختار منسجم بده تا بدونید مطالب رو با چه ترتیبی بیان کنید. یک outline مثل نقشه جنگی میمونه که باعث میشه در میدان جنگ پیروز بشید. همچنین به یاد داشته باشید که متون و موضوعات مختلف با ساختارهای متفاوتی نوشته میشن. پس قبل از نوشتن باید به نوع متن هم توجه داشته باشید. 3. I keep receiving feedback about cohesion and coherence. What are they actually? E: Perhaps the most important aspects of a writing! Cohesion and coherence also refer back to the plan we talked about. But let’s see what they actually mean. Cohesion is the order or flow of ideas from one sentence or paragraph to another. It’s like a glue connecting the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle correctly. Coherence, on the other hand, is the clear and logical organization or sequence of ideas presented in the writing. Remember that cohesion can lead to coherence. Cohesion can be fostered using correct linking words, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and subject-verb agreement; just like how sign posts show us which way to go! انسجام متن و ارتباط بخشها و مطالب متن از ارکان بسیار مهم در رایتینگ هست. انسجام یا cohesion ترتیب یا روند پیش روی ایده های یه متن از یه جمله به جمله بعدی میشه. Coherence از طرف دیگه، ارتباط معنایی و ساختاری پاراگرافهای مختلف متنه. Cohesion درست مثل تابلوهایی که راه رو نشون میدن با استفاده از کلمات ربط، حروف اضافه، ضمایر و هماهنگی فعل و فاعل ایجاد بشه. 4 . I know each writing should have at least an introduction, a body and a conclusion. But what do I write in each? E: Simply put, I’d say in the introduction you tell the readers what you are going to tell them in. You first write a broad background statement, then you paraphrase the question and then briefly tell the reader what your opinion is. In the body, you tell them in details. You write a topic sentence and support it with a few examples or reasoning. You may have one or many paragraphs for the body part. In the conclusion you tell them what you told them. It’s like a summary of the article. You write a topic sentence and the summary of the most important arguments. Remember, no new information should be in the conclusion. در introduction در واقع به خواننده میگیم قراره چی بهشون بگیم. این یعنی یک جمله کلی که زمینه ساز موضوع باشه و بعد تفسیر یا paraphrase سوال و سپس موضع ما نسبت به موضوع introduction ما رو تشکیل میده. در بخش body جزییات موضوع رو با مثال یا دلایل ارائه میدین. این بخش میتونه از یک یا چند پاراگراف تشکیل شده باشه. در بخش conclusion به خواننده میگیم که چی بهشون گفتیم. در واقع یک topic sentence و بعد خلاصه ای از چیزی که در قسمت body گفته شده. فقط یادتون باشه در conclusion هیچ اطلاعات جدیدی نوشته نمیشه. 5 . What advice would you give to someone who can write fairly well but still wants to improve it? E: Well, simple written accurately is way better than complicated written inaccurately. So, keep it short and simple. Your purpose should be getting an idea across clearly. رایتینگی که ساده اما درست نوشته شده باشه از رایتینگ پیچیده و نادرست خیلی بهتره. پس بهتره کوتاه و ساده نگهش داریم. هدف شما از رایتینگ رسوندن یه پیام به سادگی و وضوح هست. A: Absolutely! Grammar and spelling keep your writing consistent and legible, but structure ensures the big ideas get across to the reader. گرامر و دیکته میتونه رایتینگ شما رو منسجم و قابل خواندن بکنه اما ساختار یا structure باعث میشه که ایده اصلی به وضوح به مخاطب برسه. Sh: And I’d add, make use of set phrases or a list of linkers. However, you have to be careful not to overdo it. Try to use variety of set phrases but do it consciously. The phrases should match what you are saying and the register. In addition, avoid using boring words. Try to get used to using stronger words. Allow me to elaborate on that, imagine you have a written a sentence or two about your daily routine. It reads: “I wake up at 6 every day. That’s my habit.” Next time around when you read the same sentence, you try to make it more interesting and put into practice the idioms, expressions and words that you have learnt by saying “I’m a creature of habit and I prefer to stick to a routine, so I always wake up at 6. See! Just like that! میتونید از عبارات و کلمات ربط که حفظ کردین استفاده کنین ولی بیش از حد ازشون استفاده نکنین. عباراتی که استفاده می کنید باید به انسجام جملات و مطالب کمک کنه. علاوه بر این، از کلمات عادی و کسل کننده استفاده نکنید. بجاش از کلمات و عبارات قوی تر استفاده کنید. E: And to conclude, I’d say, don’t forget to check your work. Most of the times, the mistakes we make are not because we don’t know a structure or rule, but simply because we did not check the work. Don’t expect yourself to write a perfect first draft. Make mistakes, write as many first drafts as you have to, and at the end check your final draft. Even if you write only one paragraph, read it several times because each time you go over your draft you might feel that some words or structures need to be rewritten. حتما مطمئن بشید که پاکنویس یا final draft تون رو مرور میکنید. خیلی از اشتباهات ما به خاطر اینه که پاکنویسمون رو چک نمی کنیم. E: Also, you’ve got to write on a daily basis even for ten minutes a day. It’s not big of a deal. Is it? I know it’s hard to stare at a blank piece of paper wondering what to write about, I’ve been there before, but trust me once you put pen to paper and make it a part of your routine you will master the skill before you know it. And finally, I’ve always subscribed to the idea that there’s no shortcut to success and practice does make perfect. Wow, this episode, I believe, is like a mini writing toolkit which can enable learners to do a great job. A and Sh: Yeah, right. / I wish somebody had told me these things when I was a student [laughingly] E: I know, right? [laughingly] A, Sh and E (fading conversation): [E: when we were students everything was so much harder, Sh: Yeah we learned things the hard way [laughingly] A: I know...poor us! [laughingly] ] So, dear listeners, I hope the tips shared in this episode are going to help you develop perhaps the hardest skill easily and that not only will you be able to write better but you will also enjoy doing it. Make sure to let us know of your experience about writing and how the tips shared here could help you. در آخر یادتون باشه برای تقویت رایتینگ، اول از همه باید reading زیاد انجام بدیم تا در معرض ساختارها و نگارش انواع متن قرار بگیریم. هر چه بیشتر متن و مقاله و مطلب بخونیم بیشتر ساختارها و جملات در ذهنمون نقش می بندن و کاربردی میشن. At the end I would like to thank Alireza, who like always helped me with his expertise and knowledge to put together this episode. This podcast was brought to you by Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found and downloaded on Castbox, Spotify and Shenoto. Until next week, stay safe stay tuned...byeee.

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