سایبر پادکست 15: نکات کلیدی برای مهارت ریدینگ

تکمیل این اپیزود

اگر مهمان یا اسپانسری جا افتاده، از فهرست موجود انتخاب کن یا نام تازه‌ای پیشنهاد بده. پیشنهادها بعد از بررسی مدیر عمومی می‌شوند.

متن منتشرشده توسط پادکستر

توضیحات اپیزود

متن پادکست: الف: سلام، میتونم وقتتون رو بگیرم. ب : خواهش میکنم، بفرمایید. الف: میدونم که دانشجوی زبان هستید. میتونم ازتون بپرسم از کدوم بخش زبان بیشتر لذت می برید و براتون راحتتره؟ ب: راستش، خودم بیشتر برای اسپیکینگ کلاس میام و مکالمه برام مهمتر و لذت بخش تره. ولی ریدینگ! ریدینگ خیلی برام boring و سخته ! الف: هومم....متوجهم! در واقع سوال بعدی منو خودتون جواب دادین. حالا چرا براتون مشکله؟ ب: خب، معمولا لغت زیاد داره و برای اینکه همه رو درست بفهمم باید آروم بخونم که بعدش وقت کم میارم. و کلا همه چیز از دستم خارج میشه . الف: میفهمم. خب، خیلی ممنون. اگه پادکستهای مارو تا حالا گوش نکردین پیشنهاد میکنم توی کست باکس یا اسپاتیفای پیدامون کنین، چون یه عالمه نکات کلیدی و کاربردی قراره بهتون بدیم برای تقویت همه مهارتهای زبان از جمله ریدینگ. ب : اوه، چه عالی....حتما این کارو میکنم. اسم کانالتون چیه ؟ الف : Safir language academy ، ممنون از وقتتون ب: خواهش میکنم. بدون شک یکی از چالشهای زبان آموزان تقویت مهارت ریدینگ هست. این مهارت چون معمولا به تنهایی و با تمرکز بالا باید انجام بشه و زمان نسبتا زیادی میگیره جزو مهارتهایی هست که کمتر زبان آموز به سمتش میره و کمتر ازش لذت میبره. من ادیت هستم و امروز میخوایم با کمک چند نفر از بهترین اساتید نکات کاربردی و کلیدی برای تقویت این مهارت رو با هم مرور کنیم. پس، نوشیدنیتون رو بریزید، کاغذ قلم آماده کنید و با من همراه بشید. As I mentioned earlier, our today’s guests are some of our best and most skillful teachers with so many years of experience in teaching, supervision and management. First, let me introduce you to Mr. Samiee, a senior teacher and supervisor with over 30 years of experience. He is one of a kind and his tips and methodology are also one of a kind. Mr. Samiee, thank you so much for joining us today. We have a lot to learn from you. You must have seen or heard about Alireza Safari in a lot of our educational videos and podcasts. He is here with us today as well, but first let me tell you some facts about him. He’s been a teacher for over 15 years and his classes have always been some of the most popular ones, he is specialized in teaching the IELTS and general English and he is an IELTS 9 holder! So, we have a lot to learn from him, too. Alireza, thank you so much for accepting our invitation today and nice seeing you again! We also have Shabnam Baghi. She is also one our experienced teachers with over 20 years of experience, she’s also a CELTA holder; a certificate issued by Cambridge university, and as you might have expected, her classes are also some of the most popular and in demand ones. Shabnam, hi and thanks for joining us today. So, to begin with, I believe all of us, as English teachers, have in some way tried to ease our students’ minds or change their views about how they are doing in reading or how they can improve that skill. So often than not, language learners get frustrated after doing a reading activity, because they either fail to comprehend the text and answer the questions correctly or perhaps run out of time. we want to understand why this happens and how we can overcome this issue. با اساتیدمون آشنا شدید. میخوایم با کمکشون بفهمیم که اولا چرا ریدینگ یه مهارت challenging یا چالش برانگیزی هست و اینکه چطور می تونیم تقویتش کنیم و از عهده ش به خوبی بربیایم. E: Alright, as you know we are discussing the reading skill today. First of all, why do we need to improve this skill? What is it good for when we can simply communicate through speaking? ZH: Well, there are different things we need to read and understand or follow during the day. From news headlines, to emails and messages, from friends to price tags, a book or article and so on. So, we may not even notice, but throughout the day we keep reading and reading and if not improved, this skill can make life pretty difficult, really difficult I mean. Besides, reading is good for you because it improves your focus, memory, empathy, and communication skills. It can reduce stress and improve mental health in addition to allowing you to learn new things to help you succeed in your work and relationships. شاید خودمون هم متوجه نباشیم ولی در طول روز مدام در حال خوندن مطالب مختلف هستیم و خب این خودش به تنهایی میتونه اهمیت ریدینگ رو نشون بده. علاوه بر این، ریدینگ میتونه برای تقویت تمرکز و حافظه و همینطور همدلی و درک متقابل موثر باشه. میتونه اضطراب رو کاهش بده و باعث بهبود سلامت روان بشه. همدلی و درک متقابل در انگلیسی میشه empathy که یه اسمه و فعلش میشه empathize . A: Reading allows students to be exposed to grammatically correct sentences in context and this can in turn serve as a model for their speaking and writing. Regular reading boosts imagination and creativity as well as comprehension. ریدینگ باعث میشه در معرض گرامر و ساختارهای درست قرار بگیریم و این میتونه برامون نقش یه الگو رو داشته باشه. یه مترادف خوب برای improve یا تقویت در اینجا داشتیم، کلمه boost که یک فعله. در ادامه خواهید دید که چرا این مهارت در عین اینکه خیلی مهمه ممکنه برای زبان آموز چالش برانگیز باشه. و میخوایم بدونیم چه رویکرد یا approach -ی درسته. E: Great. So, we understand that reading is an inseparable part of learning a language. But why do we find it so challenging and we tend to dislike it so much? Sh: Well, I think the main reason, especially for language learners, is that they have a wrong approach to it. E: What do you mean exactly? Are there different approaches to reading? Sh: Sure, there are. Depending on why we read, our approach may vary. I’ll make an example. You never read a price tag the same way you read a coursebook or a magazine. این نکته خیلی جالبه و شاید تا حالا بهش دقت نکرده باشید. مدل خوندن متون مختلف با هم متفاوته. شما یه برچسب قیمت رو مثل کتاب درسی نمی خونید درسته؟ در ادامه میخوایم ببینیم متون مختلف رو چطور باید بخونیم. A: Exactly. Depending on what we read and what we need the information for, we can choose to read more carefully and with a lot of focus or just run our eyes over a text and pass. ZH: Right. And another thing in reading is remembering what you read. Sometimes you read something and understand it well but by the time you want to answer some questions about it, you’ve already forgotten all about it. E: Yeah, right. That’s what happens to most students. They read for an exam but they do not remember a thing during the exam. Now, we have different approaches but how do we pick one over the other? How do we know which approach to choose for a given text? ZH: First of all, we need to differentiate between extensive and intensive reading. Do we read for pleasure or do we need the information we read for something? Based on the answer, we will decide how to read or what techniques to employ. گفتیم مدلای مختلف ریدینگ داریم. یه مدل ریدینگ که extensive reading یا خوندن به صرف خوندن )یا برای فان( هست و در مقابلش intensive reading به معنای خوندن فشرده ست که برای جواب دادن به سوالی یا یادگیری مطلبی هست. حالا به توجه به تمایز این دو مدل، میتونیم تصمیم بگیریم که از چه تکنیکی استفاده کنیم. تمایز به انگلیسی میشه differentiate که یک فعله. E: Oh, right. You pointed out a very important issue. Let’s first elaborate on what extensive and intensive readings are. When reading for pleasure or recreational purposes, or when you read for a longer period of time without feeling overwhelmed because of time constraints or that you have to do some tasks afterwards, this type of reading is called extensive reading which can happen in or outside the class. For example, reading favorite story books rather than textbooks. On the contrary, intensive reading is when you read, especially in class, for a particular aim, which is normally some tasks to deal with based on the reading comprehension. Here, you read a text more carefully and in detail. Depending on the type of tasks you have after reading, you may decide to employ different techniques and strategies. اگه ریدینگ برای لذت یا سرگرمی باشه یعنی for pleasure or recreational purposes برای مدت طولانی تر و بدون نگرانی از محدودیت زمانی یا time constraints هست که معمولا خارج از کلاس درس اتفاق میفته. در مقابل، خوندن فشرده هست که بعدش معمولا سوالاتی پرسیده میشه و بر اساس نوع سوالات میتونید بفهمید که چه استراتژی یا تکنیکی باید استفاده کنید. A: Right. We normally do extensive reading when reading our favorite books or articles and they are usually things we have at least some information about, so, we actually enjoy what we do. E: Exactly. Now, despite the fact that ER can undoubtedly help us improve our reading skill, let’s focus on intensive reading a bit and what we need to consider when dealing with it. So, Shabnam, you mentioned earlier that some learners may do some things wrongly which will get them frustrated or overwhelmed at the end. What are some of the mistakes they make? Sh: Well, the first and perhaps the most important point is, they read every single word separately. Remember to look at word bundles and not individual words. This way you can both increase your speed as well as comprehension. یکی از اشتباهات رایج در خوندن اینه که کلمات رو تک تک بخونید. بجای این کار سعی کنید گروه یا bundle کلمات رو در نظر بگیرید. این کار با رعایت کردن فاصله درست متن از چشم میسر میشه. نه خیلی نزدیک و نه خیلی دور . E: Very true. One thing to help us read words in a bundle is the distance of our eyes from the text. We shouldn’t hold the text so close or so far so we can read at ease. Sh: Exactly. A: Oh, this reminds me of another mistake which may happen to all of us. Sometimes we may read a line and go back to re-read it because we think we missed a point or at times we miss a line in between and jump to the next. In order to avoid this, we can use a pointer and move our eyes on the text with the speed of the pointer. It can help us with our reading speed as well. برای اینکه مجبور نشید خطی رو دوباره بخونید یا اینکه سطری رو جا نندازید می تونید با نوک انگشت یا خودکارتون سطر ببرید. این کار باعث میشه هم سرعت خوندنتون بالا بره و هم درک مطلبتون بهتر بشه. E: Absolutely. There are also some exercises to help your eyes be able to move faster and more smoothly. So, what other mistakes do you think learners may make? ZH: I think sometimes the texts we choose are not really appropriate for us. I mean they are either too difficult or academic or too easy for us. When you have no interest and basically no information about a particular topic, reading about it will most probably feel like a chore; boring. So, always try to start from texts that are first: interesting, and then to your level, so you won’t get frustrated after reading the first couple of lines. E: Oh, I can’t agree more. It’s like a cook reading about astronomy, or vice versa! Also, remember that different texts with different topics require different amount of time and focus to read. [everyone agrees] نکته بعدی که اینجا گفته شد این بود که متنی برای خوندن انتخاب میکنید که براتون جالب باشه و در سطح شما باشه. متنی که هیچ سررشته ای ازش ندارید یا خیلی سخته فقط خسته و ناامیدتون میکنه. Sh: Another thing to consider is that, sometimes we have to read something, like an assignment, so we have no say in picking the topic. In such cases, the best thing to do is to first read the title and skim through the introduction or maybe the whole text, just to familiarize and get to know the gist. So, we can relate the information we gain to what we may already know and it will be easier for us to comprehend or answer related questions. زمانی که حق انتخابی در موضوع ریدینگ ندارید سعی کنید ابتدا یه درک کلی از موضوع بدست بیارید. این درک کلی یا reading for gist با skim کردن یا خوندن سریع متن اتفاق میفته . معمولا گفته میشه که تیتر و پاراگراف اول رو سریع بخونید تا بفهمید موضوع کلی چیه. وقتی این کار رو انجام میدید در واقع اطلاعات جدید رو با اطلاعاتی که ممکنه از قبل داشتید ربط میدید و بنابراین درک مطلب بهتر اتفاق میفته. E: Can’t agree more on that. It’s like when you know what you’re going to read about, you feel more confident and can relate to the text better. A: Yeah, right. But let’s not forget that the type of task that follows the reading will show us what technique we need to use to read it. E: You actually pinpointed what I was going to ask next. Alireza, can you explain a little about the different techniques we have and when we use them, please? A: Well, the most common techniques that most of us have heard of are skimming, scanning and careful reading. So, what are the differences? Scanning is when you simply run your eyes over a text to find a piece of information; like when you are looking for the price tag on a product or the expiry date. You don’t read every single word to find the price or date. You simply just look to find something, so it doesn’t take much time. On the other hand, when you are looking for the general concept or the topic of an article, you actually read fast, without looking up or even worrying about new words or difficult structures, to conclude something general which is called the gist. Reading for the gist takes longer than scanning but still not too long. Reading for detail or careful reading takes the longest because you are asked to conclude or deduce something from the text, so, you may go back and forth or re-read some parts to infer something. گفتیم scan زمانی هست که دنبال اطلاعات خاصی می گردید و فقط روی متن رو نگاه می کنید تا پیداش کنید، یعنی نمی خونید. در skimming متن رو در واقع می خونید اما خیلی سریع بدون توجه به لغات و ساختارهای سخت تا یه درک کلی از متن بدست بیارید. در مورد اسکیم و اسکن گفتیم. اما careful reading یک قدم فراتر میره و زمانی هست که با خوندن و درک متن باید به نتیجه خاصی برسید یا موضوعی رو استنباط کنید. مسلما این نوع ریدینگ زمان و تمرکز و دقت بیشتری نیاز داره و ممکنه مجبور بشید بخشهایی از ریدینگ رو دوباره بخونید تا بتونید نتیجه گیری کنید. E: Great explanation. Thank you so much. So, so far we talked about some tips to bear in mind when dealing with reading. How about reviewing them? [everyone agrees] So, first, do not read the text word by word. Look at word bundles holding the text in an appropriate distance. Second, choose appropriate texts. Third, Balance your reading speed using a pointer or your index finger or a pen. Fourth, choose the right technique like skimming or scanning, based on your aim of reading something. And the last point to remember is, in case of intensive reading, first have a quick look at the questions, the topic or pictures, if provided, then try to decide which technique you need to adopt to do the task successfully. [interjections – agreeing…] Remember that reading is one of the main skills in any language and to talk about the skill in full details will require a lot of time or perhaps podcast episodes. Here we talked about the most basic strategies but we’ll try to delve into more details in future episodes. Thanks so much for setting aside some time in your busy schedules to be with me today. ZH: Well, thank you. That was all my pleasure to be here with you and your listeners today. Sh: The pleasure is all mine. A: You are very welcome. Thank you for having me. E: I invited you because all of you have always done an excellent job in teaching, mentoring and motivating students. If you’re listening to this part of the podcast it means you’ve stayed with us for the entire episode, for which we are absolutely grateful. This program was brought to you by Safir Language Academy’s content development department. All the scripts can be found and downloaded on Castbox, Spotify or Shenoto. Until next week and another topic, stay safe stay tuned…bye!

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