نشریه علمی - فرهنگی میزبان نهایی (شماره اول)_مقاله انگلیسی سوم

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The history of evaluation of anthelmintic drug resistance in Haemonchus contortus of small ruminants in Iran- a review of PCR-based studies Introduction: Haemonchus contortus is one of the most important parasites of ruminants with worldwide distribution that can bring huge economic losses to the breeding industry of sheep and goats. The mentioned helminth is the most pathogenic abomasal parasite of small ruminants. In Iran, next to Marshallagia marshalli and Ostertagia circumcincta , H. contortus is the most prevalent species of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats . Control of internal parasites of small ruminants is mostly undertaken using anthelmintic including benzimidazoles. Frequent use of these drugs results in emergence of resistant strains of the different species of specific parasites. In order to deworm the ruminants especially of sheep and goats in Iran, consumption of benzimidazoles has more than 2 decades history and today farmers are using imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones and mostly benzimidazole carbamate compounds to treat haemonchosis infected farm animals . Unfortunately, nowadays drug resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes, especially H. contortus , has been reported in several studies. Susceptibility and resistance of H. contortus to anthelmintic drugs, including ivermectin, levamisole, and benzimidazoles (mostly albendazole) in naturally infected sheep have also been investigated worldwide . Sryed Kian Mohseni Mofidi ( Department of Pathobiology, Parasitology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran Secretary of the Parasitology Society of Urmia University)

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