Think Again- Day 16

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That rarely happens in the other mental modes. In preacher mode, changing our minds is a mark of moral weakness; in scientist mode, it’s a sign of intellectual integrity. In prosecutor mode, allowing ourselves to be persuaded is admitting defeat; in scientist mode, it’s a step toward the truth. In politician mode, we flip-flop in response to carrots and sticks; in scientist mode, we shift in the face of sharper logic and stronger data. I’ve done my best to write this book in scientist mode.* I’m a teacher, not a preacher. I can’t stand politics, and I hope a decade as a tenured professor has cured me of whatever temptation I once felt to appease my audience. Although I’ve spent more than my share of time in prosecutor mode, I’ve decided that in a courtroom I’d rather be the judge. I don’t expect you to agree with everything I think. My hope is that you’ll be intrigued by how I think—and that the studies, stories, and ideas covered here will lead you to do some rethinking of your own. After all, the purpose of learning isn’t to affirm our beliefs; it’s to evolve our beliefs. One of my beliefs is that we shouldn’t be open-minded in every circumstance. There are situations where it might make sense to preach, prosecute, and politick. That said, I think most of us would benefit from being more open more of the time, because it’s in scientist mode that we gain mental agility. When psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi studied eminent scientists like Linus Pauling and Jonas Salk, he concluded that what differentiated them from their peers was their cognitive flexibility, their willingness “to move from one extreme to the other as the occasion requires.” The same pattern held for great artists, and in an independent study of highly creative architects. We can even see it in the Oval Office. Experts assessed American presidents on a long list of personality traits and compared them to rankings by independent historians and political scientists. Only one trait consistently predicted presidential greatness after controlling for factors like years in office, wars, and scandals. It wasn’t whether presidents were ambitious or forceful, friendly or Machiavellian; it wasn’t whether they were attractive, witty, poised, or polished. What set great presidents apart was their intellectual curiosity and openness. They read widely and were as eager to learn about developments in biology, philosophy, architecture, and music as in domestic and foreign affairs. They were interested in hearing new views and revising their old ones. They saw many of their policies as experiments to run, not points to score. Although they might have been politicians by profession, they often solved problems like scientists. کانال خلاصه کتاب (https://t.me/luminous_bookclub) کانال موزیک (https://t.me/luminous_music) کانال مکالمات روزمره (https://t.me/foroughpapi) پیج اینستاگرام: Luminous__english Castbox channel: luminous english 📚هایلایت قسمت 16 کتاب Think Again ✅ rarely : به ندرت ✅ preacher : واعظ ✅ moral weakness : ضعف اخلاقی ✅ intellectual : ذهنی ✅ integrity : انسجام ✅ prosecutor : دادستان ✅ persuade : قانع کردن ✅ defeat : شکست ✅ flip-flop : تغییر ناگهانی دادن ✅ carrots and sticks: تشویق و تنبیه ✅ sharper: دقیق تر ✅ tenured professor: استاد تمام ✅ cure of something : از شر چیزی خلاص شدن ✅ temptation : وسوسه ✅ appease: راضی کردن ✅ audience : حضار ✅ courtroom : دادگاه ✅ to be intrigued by sth: مجذوب چیزی شدن ✅ cover: پوشش دادن ✅ purpose : هدف ✅ affirm : تایید کردن ✅ circumstances : شرایط ✅ prosecute : محاکمه کردن ✅ mental agility : چابکی ذهنی ✅ eminent : برجسته و ممتاز ✅ conclude : نتیجه گرفتن ✅ differentiate : متمایز کردن ✅ peer: همتا ✅ willingness : میل ✅ extreme: دورترین نقطه ✅ occasion : ، فرصت، مناسبت ✅ independent: مستقل ✅ assess: ارزیابی کردن ✅ traits : خصوصیات ✅ consistently : بطور مداوم ✅ scandal : رسوایی ✅ ambitious : جاه طلب ✅ forceful : قوی و قاطع ✅ curiosity : کنجکاوی ✅ openness : پذیرش ✅ philosophy: فلسفه ✅ domestic : داخلی ✅ affairs: امور ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

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